In most cultures there are various tendencies towards dystopias and criticism of civilisation. It can be about the future looking dangerous and uncomfortable. Or that the best days are already gone, the golden age is over, and culture is in decline. That doomsday is approaching. Freud believes that there is a death wish in the human race that contributes to war and misery. Nietzsche believes that God is dead. Tolkien writes that the Elves are leaving Middle-earth, and the dwarves are retreating.